Background Lung transplantation remains the only therapeutic option for various end-stage pulmonary diseases. Ethical issues limited the development of organ transplantation in china.However,voluntary organ donation after death of citizens become the sole source in organ transplant from January 1, 2015,which stopped major organ source from executed prisoners.The purpose of the study was to estimate the initial experience in lung transplantation using lungs from donation after brain and cardiac death(DBCD) or donation after cardiac death(DCD) under Chinese organ procurement organization(OPO) practices. Methods Retrospective data from Chinese network registry for lung transplantation performed in our center were evaluated between January and September,2015, and reported to the registry as of October 2015. The donors were DBCDs or DCDs allocated by OPO nationally. All the transplants were approved by the Ethics Committee of our hospital. Results There were 58 lung transplantation performed using lungs from brain and cardiac death or cardiac death donors during the study period.The mean age of recipients was (52.78±12.66) years old.Forty-three patients were males and 15 were females,43 patients received bilateral lung transplantation,10 underwent right single lung transplantation,and the remaining received left single lung transplantation.The main indications of the cohort includes 24 cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,13 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,7 silicosis,5 bronchiectasis,3 lymphangioleiomyomatosis,3 bronchiolitis obliterans,and 3 pulmonary hypertension.Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) was utilized in 44.8% of the patients(26 cases),with 20 recipients weaned from ECMO immediately after transplants.The remaining 6 patients required prolonged ECMO support due to poor oxygenation or instable hemodynamics.Postoperative complications includes 30 infections(51.7%), 38 primary graft dysfunction(PGD,65.5%),15 hemorrhage(25.9%),11 renal injury(20.0%),8 heart failure(13.8%),and 3 acute rejection(5.2%).Four patients died during hospitalization for sudden cardiac death, PGD,sepsis,multiple organ failure in one patient,respectively.Thirty-day survival was 94.8%. Conclusion This small restrospective study shows that lung transplant program under current national OPO practices may expand donors after brain and cardiac death or cardiac death in China.Further research is warranted to improve donor lung quality and decrease postoperative complications.